Are there such tags available that can be fitted to fire doors that store data such as the type of fire door fitted, last inspection dates etc. and can be scanned by a suitable device to read the data stored on the tag?

I am not aware of any and most information like that is recorded in the fire check log or a label attached to the item involved.

Check out https://www.safelincs.co.uk/fire-safety-log-book/.